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中頻電爐絕緣配件

中頻(pin)電(dian)源的工作(zuo)原理為：采用三相(xiang)橋(qiao)式(shi)全(quan)控整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)將交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)整流(liu)(liu)為直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)，經電(dian)抗器平波后，成(cheng)(cheng)為一(yi)個(ge)恒(heng)定的直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)源，再經單(dan)相(xiang)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)橋(qiao)，把直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)定頻(pin)率（一(yi)般(ban)為1000至8000Hz）的單(dan)相(xiang)中頻(pin)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。負載由感應(ying)線圈和補(bu)償電(dian)容器組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，連接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)并聯諧振電(dian)路(lu)。

中頻電爐絕緣配件(jian)

一(yi)般(ban)情況下，可以(yi)(yi)把中頻(pin)電源的(de)故障按照(zhao)故障現象(xiang)分(fen)為*不能起動(dong)和起動(dong)后不能正常工作(zuo)兩(liang)大類。作(zuo)為一(yi)般(ban)的(de)原則，當出現故障后，應在斷電的(de)情況下對整個系統作(zuo)全面(mian)檢查，它包括以(yi)(yi)下幾個方面(mian)：

（一(yi)）電(dian)源：用萬用表(biao)測(ce)一(yi)下主(zhu)電(dian)路開(kai)關（接觸器）和控(kong)制保險絲后面是否有電(dian)，這將(jiang)排除(chu)這些元件斷路的(de)可能(neng)性。

（二）整(zheng)(zheng)流器(qi)：整(zheng)(zheng)流器(qi)采用(yong)三相全控橋(qiao)式整(zheng)(zheng)流電路(lu)，它(ta)(ta)包括六(liu)(liu)個(ge)快速熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)、六(liu)(liu)個(ge)晶閘管、六(liu)(liu)個(ge)脈沖變(bian)壓器(qi)和一個(ge)續(xu)流二極(ji)管。在快速熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)上有(you)(you)一個(ge)紅色的指示(shi)器(qi)，正(zheng)常時指示(shi)器(qi)縮在外殼里(li)邊，當(dang)快熔(rong)燒斷(duan)后它(ta)(ta)將(jiang)彈出，有(you)(you)些快熔(rong)的指示(shi)器(qi)較緊，當(dang)快熔(rong)燒斷(duan)后，它(ta)(ta)會卡在里(li)面(mian)，所以(yi)為可(ke)靠起見，可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)萬用(yong)表通斷(duan)檔測(ce)一下(xia)快熔(rong)，以(yi)判斷(duan)它(ta)(ta)是否燒斷(duan)。

測量(liang)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)的(de)簡單方法是用萬(wan)用表電(dian)阻(zu)擋(dang)（200Ω擋(dang)）測一下其陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)—陽極(ji)(ji)、門(men)極(ji)(ji)—陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)阻(zu)，測量(liang)時(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)不(bu)用取下來。正(zheng)常情況下，陽極(ji)(ji)—陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)電(dian)阻(zu)應為無窮大，門(men)極(ji)(ji)—陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)阻(zu)應在10—50Ω之間(jian)，過大或過小都(dou)表明這(zhe)只晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)門(men)極(ji)(ji)失效，它將(jiang)不(bu)能被觸發(fa)導(dao)通。

脈(mo)沖(chong)變壓器次邊(bian)接(jie)在(zai)晶閘管上，原邊(bian)接(jie)在(zai)主(zhu)控板上，用(yong)(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)測量原邊(bian)電(dian)阻約(yue)為50Ω。續流二極管一般不容易出現(xian)故障，檢查時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)二極管擋(dang)測其二端，正向(xiang)時(shi)萬用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)顯(xian)示結壓降約(yue)有(you)500mV，反向(xiang)不通。

（三）逆變器(qi)：逆變器(qi)包括四只快速晶(jing)閘管(guan)和四只脈沖變壓器(qi)，可以按上述方法檢查。

（四）變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)：每個變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的每個繞組都應(ying)該是(shi)通的，一(yi)般(ban)原(yuan)邊(bian)阻(zu)值約有(you)幾(ji)十歐(ou)姆，次極幾(ji)歐(ou)姆。應(ying)該注意：中頻電壓互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的原(yuan)邊(bian)與(yu)負載并(bing)聯，所(suo)以其(qi)電阻(zu)值為零。

（五）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：與(yu)負載并聯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可能被(bei)擊(ji)穿，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)分(fen)組(zu)(zu)安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)架上(shang)，檢查時應(ying)先確(que)定被(bei)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)在的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)。斷開(kai)每組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)匯(hui)(hui)流(liu)母排與(yu)主匯(hui)(hui)流(liu)排之間的(de)(de)連接點，測量每組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)個匯(hui)(hui)流(liu)排間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，正常時應(ying)為(wei)無窮大。確(que)認壞的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)后，再斷開(kai)每臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)引(yin)至匯(hui)(hui)流(liu)排的(de)(de)軟銅皮，逐臺檢查即可找到擊(ji)穿的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。每臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)四個芯(xin)子(zi)組(zu)(zu)成，外(wai)殼(ke)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)極，另一(yi)(yi)極分(fen)別通過四個絕緣子(zi)引(yin)到端蓋上(shang)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)只(zhi)會有一(yi)(yi)個芯(xin)子(zi)被(bei)擊(ji)穿，跳開(kai)這(zhe)個絕緣子(zi)上(shang)的(de)(de)引(yin)線，這(zhe)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可以繼續(xu)使用(yong)，其容(rong)(rong)(rong)量是原來(lai)的(de)(de)3/4。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)個故障是漏油(you)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不影響使用(yong)，但要(yao)注意防火。

安裝電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的角鋼(gang)與電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)架是絕緣(yuan)的，如果絕緣(yuan)擊(ji)穿(chuan)將使主(zhu)回路(lu)接地，測量電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)外殼引線(xian)和電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)架之間的電(dian)阻，可(ke)以判斷這部分(fen)的絕緣(yuan)狀況(kuang)。

(六)水冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)：水冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用是連(lian)接(jie)中(zhong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和感應線圈，它是用每根直徑Φ0.6–Ф0.8紫銅(tong)線絞合而成(cheng)。對(dui)于(yu)500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)截(jie)面積(ji)為480平(ping)方(fang)(fang)毫(hao)米，對(dui)于(yu)250公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)截(jie)面積(ji)采(cai)用300至(zhi)400平(ping)方(fang)(fang)毫(hao)米。水冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)外膠管采(cai)用耐壓(ya)5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)橡(xiang)膠管，里(li)面通以冷卻水，它是負載回路(lu)的(de)一(yi)部分(fen)，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)受到拉力(li)和扭(niu)力(li)，與爐體一(yi)起傾(qing)動(dong)(dong)而發(fa)生曲折，因(yin)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間長后(hou)容(rong)易在柔(rou)性連(lian)接(jie)處斷(duan)(duan)裂開。水冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)斷(duan)(duan)裂過程(cheng)，一(yi)般是先斷(duan)(duan)掉大(da)部分(fen)后(hou)，在大(da)功率運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)未(wei)斷(duan)(duan)小部分(fen)很快燒(shao)斷(duan)(duan)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源就(jiu)會產(chan)生很高的(de)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，如(ru)果過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)護不(bu)可(ke)靠，就(jiu)會燒(shao)壞晶閘管。水冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)斷(duan)(duan)開后(hou)，中(zhong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源無(wu)法啟動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。如(ru)不(bu)檢查(cha)出(chu)原因(yin)而反(fan)復啟動(dong)(dong)，就(jiu)很可(ke)能(neng)燒(shao)壞中(zhong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互感器。檢查(cha)故障時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)用示波(bo)(bo)器，把(ba)(ba)(ba)示波(bo)(bo)器探頭夾(jia)在負載兩端，觀察(cha)按(an)啟動(dong)(dong)按(an)鈕時(shi)(shi)(shi)有無(wu)衰減波(bo)(bo)形。確(que)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)斷(duan)(duan)芯時(shi)(shi)(shi)先把(ba)(ba)(ba)水冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器輸出(chu)銅(tong)排脫開，用萬用表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻擋(dang)（200Ω擋(dang)）測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)，正常時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)為零，斷(duan)(duan)開時(shi)(shi)(shi)為無(wu)窮大(da)。用萬用表(biao)測量時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應把(ba)(ba)(ba)爐體翻到傾(qing)倒位置，使(shi)水冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)掉起，這(zhe)(zhe)樣使(shi)斷(duan)(duan)處*脫離，才能(neng)正確(que)判斷(duan)(duan)是否斷(duan)(duan)芯。

中頻爐絕緣套管規格：10    、12、 14、15.5、17、19、21、25、26、27、 特殊規格可以定做。